Cell Growth & Differentiation, Vol 6, Issue 8 955-964, Copyright © 1995 by American Association of Cancer Research

ARTICLES

Serum response element and flanking sequences mediate the synergistic transcriptional activation of c-fos by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and cholera toxin in AKR-2B cells

BL Harvat and W Wharton
Life Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico 87545, USA.

12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and cholera toxin have been shown previously to act synergistically to stimulate traverse of G0-G1 and entry into S phase in quiescent mouse fibroblasts. These agents also have a synergistic effect on the induction of the endogenous c-fos gene, as well as a transfected reporter construct containing the mouse fos promoter/enhancer region from -397 to +1 cloned upstream of luciferase. A detailed mutational analysis of the c-fos-regulatory region revealed that the synergy between TPA and cholera toxin requires multiple discrete elements, including the binding sites for the serum response factor (-308 to -299), p62/Elk-1 (-316 to -309), on the 5' side of the serum response element, and a CCAAT or E box-binding protein(s) on the 3'-flanking side of the serum response element (-303 to -295 or -297 to -292, respectively). The putative cyclic AMP response element (-65 to -58), shown to be activated in a number of cell types after increases in cyclic AMP levels, mediated an induction by TPA but not by cholera toxin in AKR-2B cells, and was not required for the synergistic transactivation induced by the combination of TPA and cholera toxin.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				T. I. Cesena, J.-R. Cardinaux, R. Kwok, and J. Schwartz CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein (C/EBP) beta Is Acetylated at Multiple Lysines: ACETYLATION OF C/EBPbeta AT LYSINE 39 MODULATES ITS ABILITY TO ACTIVATE TRANSCRIPTION J. Biol. Chem., January 12, 2007; 282(2): 956 - 967. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Thimmarayappa, J. Sun, L. E. Schultz, P. Dejkhamron, C. Lu, A. Giallongo, J. L. Merchant, and R. K. Menon Inhibition of Growth Hormone Receptor Gene Expression by Saturated Fatty Acids: Role of Kruppel-Like Zinc Finger Factor, ZBP-89 Mol. Endocrinol., November 1, 2006; 20(11): 2747 - 2760. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. X. Cui, G. Piwien-Pilipuk, J. S. Huo, J. Kaplani, R. Kwok, and J. Schwartz Endogenous CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein {beta} and p300 Are Both Regulated by Growth Hormone to Mediate Transcriptional Activation Mol. Endocrinol., August 1, 2005; 19(8): 2175 - 2186. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Warren, D. S. Griffin, C. Mainville, and N. Rosenberg The Extreme Carboxyl Terminus of v-Abl Is Required for Lymphoid Cell Transformation by Abelson Virus J. Virol., April 15, 2003; 77(8): 4617 - 4625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Piwien-Pilipuk, O. MacDougald, and J. Schwartz Dual Regulation of Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation of C/EBPbeta Modulate Its Transcriptional Activation and DNA Binding in Response to Growth Hormone J. Biol. Chem., November 8, 2002; 277(46): 44557 - 44565. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Sakurai, S. Alam, G. Pagan-Mercado, F. Hickman, J.-Y. Tsai, P. Zelenka, and S. Sato Retinal Capillary Pericyte Proliferation and c-Fos mRNA Induction by Prostaglandin D2 through the cAMP Response Element Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., August 1, 2002; 43(8): 2774 - 2781. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. S. Goetz, J. L. Andrews, T. R. Littleton, and D. M. Ignar Development of a Facile Method for High Throughput Screening with Reporter Gene Assays J Biomol Screen, October 1, 2000; 5(5): 377 - 384. [Abstract] [PDF]

				D. Warren, A. J. Heilpern, K. Berg, and N. Rosenberg The Carboxyl Terminus of v-Abl Protein Can Augment SH2 Domain Function J. Virol., May 15, 2000; 74(10): 4495 - 4504. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. Liao, G. Piwien-Pilipuk, S. E. Ross, C. L. Hodge, L. Sealy, O. A. MacDougald, and J. Schwartz CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein beta (C/EBPbeta ) and C/EBPdelta Contribute to Growth Hormone-regulated Transcription of c-fos J. Biol. Chem., October 29, 1999; 274(44): 31597 - 31604. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Hodge, J. Liao, M. Stofega, K. Guan, C. Carter-Su, and J. Schwartz Growth Hormone Stimulates Phosphorylation and Activation of Elk-1 and Expression of c-fos, egr-1, and junB through Activation of Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinases 1 and 2 J. Biol. Chem., November 20, 1998; 273(47): 31327 - 31336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. K. Harris, E. D. E. Liaudet-Coopman, B. J. Boyle, A. Wellstein, and A. T. Riegel Phorbol Ester-induced Transcription of a Fibroblast Growth Factor-binding Protein Is Modulated by a Complex Interplay of Positive and Negative Regulatory Promoter Elements J. Biol. Chem., July 24, 1998; 273(30): 19130 - 19139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D.-W. Kim, V. Cheriyath, A. L. Roy, and B. H. Cochran TFII-I Enhances Activation of the c-fos Promoter through Interactions with Upstream Elements Mol. Cell. Biol., June 1, 1998; 18(6): 3310 - 3320. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				G. Piwien-Pilipuk, D. Van Mater, S. E. Ross, O. A. MacDougald, and J. Schwartz Growth Hormone Regulates Phosphorylation and Function of CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein beta by Modulating Akt and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 J. Biol. Chem., May 25, 2001; 276(22): 19664 - 19671. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]