Cell Growth & Differentiation, Vol 6, Issue 12 1541-1547, Copyright © 1995 by American Association of Cancer Research

ARTICLES

Differential expression of gas and gadd genes at distinct growth arrest points during adipocyte development

EC Shugart, AS Levenson, CM Constance and RM Umek
Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22903, USA.

The characterization of growth arrest-associated genes has revealed that cells actively suppress mitotic growth in response to extracellular signals. Mouse 3T3-L1 cells growth arrest at multiple distinct points during terminal differentiation to adipocytes. We examined the expression of growth arrest-specific (gas) and growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible (gadd) genes as a function of 3T3-L1 growth arrest and adipocyte development. These growth arrest-associated genes are differentially expressed throughout adipocyte development. Some of the gas/gadd genes are preferentially expressed in a subset of growth arrest states. In contrast, gas1 and gas3 are expressed in serum-starved adipoblasts, contact-inhibited adipoblasts, and post-mitotic adipocytes. However, in post-mitotic adipocytes, gas1 and gas3 are induced in response to nutrient deprivation, not altered growth status. gas6 is an exception to the general concordance of mitotic growth arrest and gas/gadd expression in that gas6 is preferentially expressed during the clonal expansion of postconfluent adipoblasts. Combined, the expression patterns indicate that growth arrest-associated genes are regulated by numerous signal transduction pathways throughout a discrete developmental transition.

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